Trouble Shooting

Your APTx-based ISDN Codec System


 

1) ISDN Connectivity

To be functional, the Codec must be able to successfully place and receive calls over the ISDN. Most EDnet APT installations involve the Pro-Link ISDN Manager which handles three ISDN lines (which is 6 dialable B-channels; each ISDN B-channel has a line on the front panel display (which we refer to as positions 1-6). All positions should indicate "Ready" and/or "D Channel Active" to indicate both that the ISDN is properly detected and that the unit is properly configured to the lines as connected. If your Pro-Link is not displaying "Ready" or "D Channel Active" for each connected B-channel, an ISDN level problem is at hand, and NO connection will be possible until the situation is resolved.

If your Pro-Link does not indicate "Ready" as above, the likely alternative statuses are:

• Inactive

• Initializing

Note that the exact phrases displayed vary somewhat between configurations. If your Pro-Link is displaying phrases that do not include the above words, you should call EDnet for tech support.

Inactive

If the line is displaying "Inactive", the Terminal Adapter (TA) in the Pro-Link doesn’t "see" the telco central office at all. Check the wiring leading from the appropriate S-interface (S1, S2, or S3) on the rear of the Pro-Link to the external NT-1 device, and from the NT-1 to the outlet provided by the telco. Also check the status on your NT-1 to learn whether or not the NT-1 "sees" the "ISDN Dialtone" or not. NT-1s vary by model, but most will be in a "rapid flash" condition if the "Dialtone" is not present, and a "slow flash" condition if the terminal is not visible. Given the latter, the problem is likely the wire running between the NT-1 and the Pro-Link (rare), more likely the "rapid flash" will be present if the Pro-Link says "Inactive". In this case, double-check your premises’ wiring, and call EDnet for service on your line if the trouble continues. Be sure to eliminate the possibility of local wiring issues before getting the telco to dispatch; if they come out and find a customer wiring issue you will be charged by the telco. Note also that if the telco has to get involved, you are looking at hours not minutes before your service will be restored.
 
 

Initializing

If the Pro-Link is displaying "Initializing" for a line or a B-channel, the problem is likely configuration related; the good news being that the equipment does "see" the telco but has not succeeded in registering the lines. The first thing to do is to check the SPID configuration in the Pro-Link (hit Set, choose option 4 {Line Config}, and option 4 again {Set SPID}). All 6 SPIDS should typically be in a consistent format, displayed uniformly down the 6 dial positions. Check the SPID for the afflicted line(s) carefully, looking for errata, corruption, or inconsistency. If this is brand-new service, you may want to verify that the SPID is entered in the correct format; if it used to work, the format is generally a known quantity.
 

• If you find SPID problems: Reprogram the SPID by pointing at the line in question and hitting Enter, then following the on-screen prompts. After programming, back out to the Ready/Initializing screen, switch off the Pro-Link, wait ten seconds, and re-start. You should now go to "Ready / D Channel Active" within 90 seconds. 
 
• If the SPIDS appear in order, one of two scenarios is likely: Either somebody swapped two of the lines, rendering SPID mismatches and necessitating the restoration of the programmed line order, or the telco has altered the line provisioning on their end. The latter is rare, if the telcos do change their provisioning they generally provide ample advance notice to that effect. If you have eliminated all local equipment problems, the SPIDS appear in the correct order, and you still have an "Initializing" display on your Pro-Link, you’ll have to call EDnet for specialized Tech Support. You may want to re-start a time or two first, just to give it an extra chance. Sometimes, if you leave the equipment off for 5 minutes, the phone company clears the slate on your lines and you’ll have better success thereafter. You should go to "Ready / D Channel Active" within 90 seconds after starting the Pro-Link. 2) Difficulty in Dialing

Assuming that you have a "Ready" indication on your Pro-Link, and you are having trouble in getting a connection to another APTx facility:

• The first thing to do is to make sure the remote side is powered up, and that their equipment is "Ready." If you are having trouble connecting to a particular site, it is a good idea to get their technician on the phone and make sure that they are "Ready," that you are both set to the same bit rate (56 or 64), verify the phone numbers, etc.

• Your next clue comes from the exact display on your Pro-Link after you try to dial (note that if you are having trouble, you should NOT use a pre-set or external computer dialer; you should dial by hand directly on the Pro-Link until the trouble is isolated). After you enter the number, watch the display carefully. In a normal situation, the Pro-Link should display "Setup" and begin counting down from a number -- hopefully a number greater that 20. If the countdown is too fast, the Pro-Link will display "Connect attempt failed" and abort the call perhaps too early; if this is the case check the timeout setting (Set: Option #1, timeout value is displayed. If Timeout is less than 20 seconds, press 1 and enter a timeout of, say, 25 seconds).

If, while counting down, the display changes from "Setup" to "Waiting," the call attempt has failed. You may abort the call prior to the end of the countdown by pressing Esc. At this juncture it may be a good idea to experiment by dialing into a different site, perhaps dialing one of your own ISDN numbers in order to check the viability of your outbound calls. If you find that you can connect to others but not to the target site, continue below without restarting. If you cannot dial into your own numbers or another site, power down your Pro-Link, wait ten seconds, and restart. Try again.

• If the display changes IMMEDIATELY to "Waiting" when the call is entered, the call is failing locally. Check the viability of the number you are dialing. Try dialing into one of your own numbers. If this fails, power-cycle the Pro-Link as in the paragraph above and try again (local phone company registration errors being the suspect culprit).

• If you find that you CAN connect to other numbers (such as your own) but not the target site, your next step is to try forcing the calls over an alternate long-distance carrier. Note that all calls in any given session need to be carried by the same long-distance carrier. Force-picking a carrier is done by inserting a 10xxx code in front of the phone number, where xxx is the 3-digit code for the long-distance carrier. The call will then be dialed as, 10-XXX-1-Area Code-Phone Number. Typically, in such situations, we try the following long distance carriers, in order of preference:
10-222 (MCI)
10-333 (Sprint)
10-288 (AT&T).

• If you are unable to complete calls to the target site over any long distance carrier, and you are able to complete calls to other sites, the problem must lie with the far end site. Have them re-start their equipment. If you are still unsuccessful in this scenario after they have restarted their equipment, the far site will likely need tech support from their provider.
 
 

3) Audio Quality Issues

Once connected, there are a number of situations that can contribute to less than optimal audio performance. There are several distinct "noises" or anomalies that tend to be associated with APTx codecs in specific situations.

First and foremost, it is important to verify that the equipment on both sides of the connection are set to the same bit rate: 56kbps, or 64kbps (per B-channel). Unfortunately, if there is a "rate mismatch", unpredictable results can crop up, ranging in severity from a subtle audio anomaly to an "audio muted" condition. Note that is necessary to hang up all calls in order to check or adjust the bit rate; operationally it’s a good idea to ­ in the face of a bad sounding connection ­ talk to the other side, agree to hang up, each check the bit rate, and then redial. If given a choice between 56 and 64k, 64 is the better choice as it provides slightly better audio frequency bandwidth.

It is also worth checking the match of the Mono/Stereo mode in the Pro-Links, and the timecode and aux sub-band switches on the DSM unit. All of these settings need to match on each end.

Barring a mismatch, and having redialed, if the anomaly persists you’ll want to have a close listen to exactly what the problem sounds like:

• If you are hearing a "burbling" sound that is reminiscent of low end dropouts, or low-end thumping, chances are good that the anomaly is a line synchronization problem. These problems arise when one of the phone companies in the circuit between the studios is failing to keep the timing of the calls aligned; this type of problem may tend to get worse as the session progresses, possibly not even surfacing until the session has been underway for a few minutes. The solution is to hang all calls up and redial; if it does it to you more than once follow the instructions for force-picking another long distance carrier (in Section 2). If the problem persists across all carriers, then it is likely due to a line problem at one of the local ends, and may require phone company intervention. However, usually redialing a time or two will solve this problem.

• "Swirling" sounds on the high end may also be time-based telco anomalies; the only cure is to redial. This is a relatively uncommon affliction.

• IMUX "chirping" may be a result of the codec’s inability to resolve the multiple lines. Again, redialing may improve this situation. Also, this is the sound you are likely to hear in the event that some calls are handled by a different long distance carrier (i.e., severe timing problems). If this persists, try using the force-pick code, starting with MCI: one or more of the originators’ lines may be defaulting to a carrier other than MCI. If this is the case A), a force-pick code on all calls will cure it and, B), you should alert EDnet so that we can have your line "re-picked" to MCI (the carrier of choice for EDnet’s affiliate network).

• If there is a high-pitched whine that does not follow modulation (i.e., it’s constant), and/or if the noise floor is higher than desired, these may be artifacts of the analog input stage of the sending unit. In any case, utilizing the DSM’s AES/EBU digital input via an external analog to digital converter or DAT machine will yield the cleanest signal chain. Barring that, sending at the hottest level possible without clipping will give you the best signal to noise ratio possible while using the analog input circuitry.
 
 

4) Order of Operation

When troubleshooting, you want to identify and eliminate the problem. Bear in mind that, if a problem arises between two studios, the trouble could be in several different places: the equipment on your end, the equipment on their end, the local telco on your end, their end, or the long-distance carrier in between; our task is to isolate the culprit among these possibilities. Thus, when taking troubleshooting measures, one should proceed in a linear manner: try one thing and examine the result, try something else and examine the result again. If one changes two variables at once ­ such as power cycling AND force-picking another carrier­ one doesn’t know with certainty which measure solved the problem, nor how to take steps to prevent the anomaly in future.

As always, EDnet Tech Support is here to help - - call us between 7am and 7pm Pacific time at 800.933.3638; outside those hours our 24 hour answering service will locate a tech to call you back promptly: call 800.959.9638. If calling from outside the U.S., call 415.274.8800.


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